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1. Palatino Rome

Palatino Sans is a 21st Century sans serif typeface from the master German designer Hermann Zapf. Palatino Sans and Palatino Sans Informal was designed as part of a group of three font families: Palatino nova, Palatino Sans, and Palatino Sans Informal. Together these three families act as the fulfilment of Herman Zapf's original Palatino idea.

For other uses, see. Palatino Date released 1949 Variations Palatino Nova Palatino Sans Palatino is the name of an designed by, initially released in 1949 by the foundry and later by other companies, most notably the. Named after 16th century master of, Palatino is based on the humanist types of the Italian, which mirror the letters formed by a broad nib pen; this gives a grace reflecting Zapf's expertise as a. Its capital 'Y' is in the unusual 'palm Y' style, inspired by the Greek letter, a trait found in some of the earliest versions of the letter such as that of.

Palatino Rome

Unlike most Renaissance typeface revivals, which tend to have delicate proportions such as a low (short lower-case letters and longer and ), Palatino has larger proportions, increasing legibility. Palatino was particularly intended as a design for trade or 'jobbing' use, such as headings, advertisements and display printing, and was created with a solid, wide structure and wide that could appear clearly on poor-quality paper, when read at a distance or printed at small sizes.

Palatino is one of several related typefaces by Zapf, which Stempel marketed as an 'extended family'. The group includes Palatino, Sistina, Michaelangelo Titling, and Aldus; Zapf's biographer Jerry Kelly describes them as forming 'the largest type family based on classic renaissance forms at the time.' These designs were strongly influenced Italian Renaissance letter forms and, although Zapf was unable to visit Italy until after he had finished the Palatino roman. Palatino rapidly became popular for book body text use, overshadowing the narrower and lighter Aldus, which Zapf had designed for this role.

It has been described as one of the ten most used serif typefaces. Since Palatino was not originally designed for body text, some of its characters were intended to stand out with quirky, calligraphic design features, and Zapf later redesigned them with more sober alternates, which have become the norm on most digital versions. Linotype licensed Palatino to Adobe and Apple who incorporated it into the digital printing technology as a standard font.

This guaranteed its importance in digital and and made it (or a variant of it) a preinstalled font on most computers. As with many popular fonts, knockoff designs and rereleases under different names are common. Zapf retained an interest in the design, and continued to collaborate on new versions into his eighties. Softmaker's digitisation of Palatino, Palazzo Original (right), shows some original features changed in the later digitisations endorsed by Zapf, including a more organic design and detail differences such as a different 'E', 'p', 'q' and 't'. Palatino itself, as previously noted, has a solid structure, intended to read clearly on poor-quality paper and printing; Zapf's friend Alexander Lawson wrote that 'the open counters that make Palatino such a legible letter were provided to overcome a then current printing problem in Germany, poor-quality paper. The weight of the type was also thickened beyond that of a normal roman in order to adapt to the lithographic and gravure printing processes of that period.Zapf has steadily maintained that he did not create Palatino as a book type but rather as a commercial face.' The italic swash capitals of Palatino from an American metal type specimen sheet.

Due to Palatino's increasing popularity in body text, however multiple versions have been released for the changing technologies of handsetting, hot metal typesetting, and digital font design. Later versions often have regularised details such as a lower 't' and foot serifs on 'p' and 'q'. Hutner and Kelly have described Palatino as 'distinctly modern.a modern type not copied from any specific early model.'

Some releases of Palatino have had in italic. These have not been found in digitisations, although digitisations of Zapf's Renaissance Antiqua design (discussed below) do include a different set. In addition, later versions alter the descenders on many letters; Zapf originally had to keep these short to fit on the German standard, optimised for blackletter typefaces; later versions escape this restriction. Aldus Linotype Aldus Old style Date created 1954 Trademark Linotype.

Palatino and Aldus compared in digital versions. The differences are quite subtle. Aldus is an old-style serif design, popular for use in book printing. Compared to Palatino, released some years earlier, it has a more condensed design lighter in, more graceful and refined and better suited to the high average quality of book printing. Aldus has a and f, allowing the typographer to avoid. It appeared in the D. Stempel AG catalog in 1954 and Zapf used it to set his own Manuale Typographicum, a history of letter design.

Aldus is named for the Venetian Renaissance printer. The decision annoyed Zapf (who preferred the name 'Palatino Book') since it bears little direct resemblance to Aldus's typefaces. Like Palatino, an upgraded digitisation, Aldus nova, has been released by Linotype. Michaelangelo A set of titling capitals, based on.

The design has a 'U' with a foot serif at bottom right, a 'double-V'-style 'W' with four top terminals and a 'palm Y' similar to that on Palatino, inspired by the Greek letter. It was renamed 'Palatino Titling' in the Palatino nova release (see below), since the rights to the name were held by Berthold who also publish a digitisation. Sistina A slightly bolder set of titling capitals than Michaelangelo on the same basic structure. It was originally named 'Aurelia Titling' after the named; Zapf would later use the name for another separate font. The Palatino nova version (see below) is renamed 'Palatino Imperial' and has as a lower case. It was created following an artistically productive 1950 visit to Italy, which Zapf had been unable to visit before.

Zapf was very interested in the quality of Italian art and lettering, and his sketches of stonecarving in also inspired the humanist. Kompakt An ultra-bold display type, with a slight slope but roman rather than letter forms. Unlike Palatino, it is very unlike the style of printing used during the Renaissance, which did not use.

Zapf Renaissance Antiqua (1984-6) Not part of Stempel's metal Palatino family, Zapf Renaissance Antiqua is a separate interpretation by Zapf of the same Renaissance models dating to 1984-6, initially created for Scangraphic and later digitised and sold by Linotype along with Palatino. According to Linotype the currently available digitisation is based on the versions prepared by Scangraphic for display use, with tight spacing and striking contrasts in stroke weight. It is also notable for including a full set of swash caps, something not included on digital versions of Palatino. Variants and similar typefaces Digitisations. The roman form of Palatino from an American metal type specimen sheet. This design shows the alternate characters used on later releases. Palatino's early digitisation intended for PostScript use is very widely used or cloned.

Later Palatino digitisations have different features and spacing. In 1999, Zapf revised Palatino for Linotype and, called. The revised family incorporated extended, and character sets. Linotype released a more complex redesign named Palatino nova, together with digitisations of some of Zapf's other Renaissance-inspired designs and Aldus. Zapf also created a matching Palatino Sans and Palatino Sans Informal design in 2006.

Palatino Linotype Palatino Linotype is the version of the Palatino family included with modern versions of software. It incorporates extended Latin, Greek, Cyrillic characters, as well as currency signs, subscripts and superscripts, and fractions. The family includes roman and italic in text and bold weights. Palatino Linotype was notable as being the first western font that Microsoft shipped; Palatino Linotype was bundled with.

The OpenType version showcased some (then new) alternate features, including, true, and a variety of special alternate characters, such as the swash Capital Qu combination. This marks it out from earlier digitisations such as the system version, which do not include ligatures such as Th and Qu. On release it was one of the few fonts to incorporate an. Palatino nova Palatino nova is a redesigned version of Palatino, by Hermann Zapf and Akira Kobayashi. This Palatino nova typeface family includes roman and italics in the light, text, medium, and bold weights, a new release of Aldus and versions of Michelangelo and Sistina under the name of 'Palatino Titling' and 'Palatino Imperial'.

The font family was premiered on 2005-11-24, the same day as Hermann Zapf’s 87th birthday celebration. A new digitisation of Aldus named Aldus nova was created at the same time. Palatino Sans Palatino Sans is a sans-serif design with stroke width modulation, resembling Zapf's classic design but with a softer, more organic feel. Unlike the serifed counterpart, the Sans families do not have full Greek or Cyrillic characters.

Reviewing it for Typographica on release, font designer Hrant Papazian commented: The confluence of competence, freedom and kiai.evident in Palatino Sans is breathtaking. The sober organicity, the bravado of the raised ‘r’, the confident flair of the italic; all done before, but never in such a usable, contemporary whole.

Palatino Sans Informal Palatino Sans Informal incorporates informal characteristics to the Palatino Sans, such as asymmetrical A, K, N, W, X, Y, w. Palatino Arabic It is a family designed by Lebanese designer and Hermann Zapf. The design is based on the Al-Ahram typeface designed by Zapf in 1956 but reworked and modified to fit the Palatino nova family. The design is in style but with a strong influence of style.

This family only comes in 1 font, with the Arabic characters based on Palatino nova Regular. It supports basic Latin, Arabic, Persian, and Urdu scripts. Chahine also created a version of Zapf's. Palatino eText (2013) It is a family designed by Toshi Omagari of Monotype Imaging, optimised for on-screen use. It includes a larger x-height and wider spacing. It is the standard four-font family, with bolds and italics.

Palatino clones As one of the most iconic typefaces of the twentieth century, derivative designs based on Palatino were rapidly developed, taking advantage of the lack of practical copyright and the easy copying possible in the font market of the 1960s and 70s onwards. Many of these are almost indistinguishable from Palatino, and some even had Zapf's involvement as a consultant. Palazzo Original Softmaker's clone of Palatino, Palazzo Original, is unique for being based on the original metal type of Palatino: as a result, it contains many design features not seen in the digital versions of Palatino endorsed by Zapf and most clones. These include a 'p' and 'q' without foot serif and no serif on the centre stroke of the 'E' and 'F', as well as a slightly more delicate design with a lower. It has also been released as 'Marathon Serial'.

PostScript clones. A comparison of Linotype Palatino, Monotype Book Antiqua, and Unternehmensberatung Rubow Weber (URW) Palladio L.

Most modern Palatino clones are set to match the spacing and design of the PostScript version of Palatino that was a standard font in early digital publishing. In the font collection, the Palatino equivalent is called 'Zapf Calligraphic.' Sells its version as 'URW Palladio L.'

A version of this font was later released by URW under a licence as part of the project to develop an open-source alternative to PostScript. As a result, it (or a derivative) is used by much open-source software such as as a system font. Book Antiqua One of the best-known Palatino PostScript clones is 'Book Antiqua' (originally by ), distributed with much software. It is one of many clone PostScript typefaces distributed by Microsoft and Monotype around this time, including (a clone of ), (ITC Avant Garde) and Bookman Old Style. Book Antiqua resembles Palatino extremely closely and is almost indistinguishable from the original apart from a few detail differences. ( is another word for the ' style of typefaces that Palatino is based on, as opposed to.

The genre, inspired by Italian traditions of handwriting and calligraphy, has been a dominant influence on most typefaces and lettering created in the Western world since the Renaissance. ) In 1993, Zapf resigned from l'Association Typographique Internationale over what he viewed as its hypocritical attitude toward unauthorized copying by prominent ATypI members (namely ). In the United States, the abstract design of a typeface is not protected by copyright, and can be imitated freely (unless the typeface is protected by a design patent, which is of much more limited duration and rarely applied for). Copyright protection is available for the representation of a typeface in software (a computer font), and the names of typefaces can be protected by trademark. Microsoft has since licensed and distributes Linotype's version of Zapf's original design called Palatino Linotype in all versions of since.

During the Palatino Linotype development process, Zapf and Linotype requested that Microsoft cease to include Book Antiqua with Office, but Microsoft concluded that this was impossible as too many documents had already been created using it. A custom version of Book Antiqua was created by Monotype as a corporate font by the Parliament of the UK.

Free and open-source versions and derivatives The only legal free version of the typeface is URW Palladio L. The community greatly extended the character sets of the fonts and releases new, updated versions under new names.

FPL Neu is a typeface based on URW Palladio L font. It has both and lining figures. It is available both in format and format. TeX Gyre Pagella is another similar typeface based on the URW Palladio L font. Pagella includes accents for European languages as well as glyphs for a few non-European languages.

This typeface is released in formats compatible with as well as with modern compatible systems. It is a part of the project to make updated, expanded, OpenType versions of URW's open-source fonts. Palatino in letterpress Palatino Sans and Palatino Sans Informal won Type Design Competition 2007 award under Type System / Superfamily category. Palatino Arabic won 2008 TDC2 2008 award under Text / Type Family category. See also The Aldine type of the Italian renaissance is one of the most influential typefaces in history.

Copies based in it made by printers in Paris from the 1530s onwards by engravers such as became the main style of type used in Europe, and influenced most successive type styles such as those of the Dutch renaissance. Other Aldine roman-influenced revivals include:. by (1929), very popular in book printing. designed by and also released by Monotype. by of. by References.

The date is sometimes given as 1948, when Zapf was working on drawing it. This article follows Bringhurst's and Kelly's information of a 1949 release date. 1950 has also sometimes been given as the release date. Those listed are Palatino in roman, italic with swash capitals, small caps and bold, Michaelangelo, Sistina, the Greek titling Phidias (complementary in weight to Michaelangelo), Aldus and the Greek face Heraklit (shown only at text size) and the stylistically unrelated display face Kompakt ('a strong brother-in-law'), the scripts Virtuosa and Frederika, the decorated Saphir and the blackletter Gilgenart. Further reading. Blackwell, Lewis.

20th Century Type. Yale University Press: 2004. Fiedl, Frederich, Nicholas Ott and Bernard Stein.

Typography: An Encyclopedic Survey of Type Design and Techniques Through History. Black Dog & Leventhal: 1998.

Jaspert, W. Turner Berry and A.F. The Encyclopedia of Type Faces.

Blandford Press Lts.: 1953, 1983. Lawson, Alexander S.,.

Godine: 1990. Macmillan, Neil.

An A–Z of Type Designers. Yale University Press: 2006. Zapf, Hermann. Manuale Typographicum. The MIT Press: 19534, 1970.

Zapf, Hermann. Alphabet Stories: a chronicle of technical development. Linotype: 2007. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to. Luc Devroye.

Hermann Zapf wrote a life history for Linotype Library, available here. (Microsoft typography).